{"id":55328,"date":"2025-08-29T13:57:16","date_gmt":"2025-08-29T11:57:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/?p=55328"},"modified":"2025-08-29T14:02:27","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T12:02:27","slug":"preco-nas-lekar-udiera-do-kolena","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/preco-nas-lekar-udiera-do-kolena\/","title":{"rendered":"Pre\u010do n\u00e1s lek\u00e1r udiera do kolena?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Ur\u010dite si dok\u00e1\u017eete z filmu alebo z vlastnej sk\u00fasenosti vybavi\u0165 situ\u00e1ciu, ke\u010f lek\u00e1r pri vy\u0161etren\u00ed poklep\u00e1va kladivkom na koleno sediaceho pacienta. Hoci sa to na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead nemus\u00ed zda\u0165, nesna\u017eia sa zdravotn\u00edci t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom zisti\u0165, \u010di doty\u010dn\u00fd reaguje na boles\u0165. Tento postup je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou celej skupiny vy\u0161etren\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 lek\u00e1ri podaj\u00fa ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o stave nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pacienta. V dne\u0161nom \u010dl\u00e1nku si tzv. vybavovanie reflexov stru\u010dne objasn\u00edme.    <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Reflex?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Zo v\u0161etk\u00e9ho najsk\u00f4r si mus\u00edme poveda\u0165, \u010do tak\u00fd reflex vlastne je. Reflex je z\u00e1kladnou funk\u010dnou jednotkou nervovej s\u00fastavy. Je to skr\u00e1tka odpove\u010f na podr\u00e1\u017edenie ur\u010dit\u00e9ho receptora \u013eudsk\u00e9ho tela, ktor\u00fd vyvol\u00e1 dan\u00fa odpove\u010f. Aby mohol reflex vznikn\u00fa\u0165, mus\u00ed existova\u0165 dr\u00e1ha, kadia\u013e s\u00fa inform\u00e1cie veden\u00e9. Na to sl\u00fa\u017eia nervov\u00e9 bunky, tie jednak odovzd\u00e1vaj\u00fa inform\u00e1ciu po dostrediv\u00fdch dr\u00e1hach do centr\u00e1lneho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a z neho potom odstrediv\u00fdmi dr\u00e1hami k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu efektoru (napr. svalu).    <\/p>\n\n<p>Ak pou\u017eijeme ako pr\u00edklad tzv. patell\u00e1rny reflex, o ktorom sme p\u00edsali v \u00favode, receptory s\u00fa nervov\u00e9 zakon\u010denia v \u00faponovej \u0161\u013eache \u0161tvorhlav\u00e9ho stehenn\u00e9ho svalu. Inform\u00e1cie s\u00fa dostredivou drahou v stehennom nerve veden\u00e9 do miechy, kde sa prepoja na dr\u00e1hu odstrediv\u00fa a s\u00fa rovnak\u00fdm nervom veden\u00e9 do \u0161tvorhlav\u00e9ho svalu stehenn\u00e9ho. Pokia\u013e s\u00fa v\u0161etky s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou nervovej s\u00fastavy v poriadku, malo by d\u00f4js\u0165 k extenzii predkolenia \u010di\u017ee &#8222;vykopnutia&#8220;.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Na\u010do je to dobr\u00e9?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Patell\u00e1rny reflex nie je jedin\u00fd sk\u00faman\u00fd reflex, ktor\u00fd sa lek\u00e1r sna\u017e\u00ed po\u010das neurologick\u00e9ho vy\u0161etrenia vybavi\u0165. Existuje ich cel\u00fd rad, preto\u017ee cie\u013eom tak\u00e9ho vy\u0161etrenia je zhodnoti\u0165 spr\u00e1vnos\u0165 funkcie v\u00e1\u0161ho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Poklepom na zdanlivo nes\u00favisiace miesta lek\u00e1r zist\u00ed, \u010di nie s\u00fa r\u00f4zne segmenty nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom po\u0161koden\u00e9. K prepojovaniu reflexu toti\u017e doch\u00e1dza v r\u00f4znych \u010dastiach nervovej s\u00fastavy, konkr\u00e9tne v mozgu a mieche. Nemo\u017enos\u0165 vybavi\u0165 reflex m\u00f4\u017ee poukazova\u0165 na existenciu nejak\u00e9ho \u010fal\u0161ieho probl\u00e9mu, kde u\u017e nast\u00fapia pokro\u010dil\u00e9 zobrazovacie a diagnostick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy (CT, MRI, EEG a pod.). Na z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 neurologick\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie je toti\u017e skuto\u010dne potrebn\u00e9 len kladivko a zrak.     <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>M\u00f4\u017eem to vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 doma?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Ak m\u00e1te poruke neurologick\u00e9 kladivko a postup na vybavovanie jednotliv\u00fdch reflexov, aj napriek tomu sa v\u00e1m najsk\u00f4r nepodar\u00ed dosiahnu\u0165 vyt\u00fa\u017een\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. Jednak nie je v\u00f4bec jednoduch\u00e9 trafi\u0165 skuto\u010dne to spr\u00e1vne miesto, jednak mus\u00edte by\u0165 \u00faplne uvo\u013enen\u00ed \u2013 vlastnou v\u00f4\u013eou toti\u017e dok\u00e1\u017eete mno\u017estvo reflexov \u00faplne potla\u010di\u0165, aj ke\u010f sa na ne nes\u00fastred\u00edte. Ani v pr\u00edpade nemo\u017enosti vybavi\u0165 reflex u profesion\u00e1la nemus\u00ed \u00eds\u0165 o ni\u010d v\u00e1\u017ene, ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlovek je in\u00fd a s\u00fa jedinci, ktor\u00fdm ur\u010dit\u00e9 reflexy vybavi\u0165 jednoducho nemo\u017eno.  <\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<p>\u00davodn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok: Darko Stojanovic<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ur\u010dite si dok\u00e1\u017eete z filmu alebo z vlastnej sk\u00fasenosti vybavi\u0165 situ\u00e1ciu, ke\u010f lek\u00e1r pri vy\u0161etren\u00ed poklep\u00e1va kladivkom na koleno sediaceho pacienta. Hoci sa to na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead nemus\u00ed zda\u0165, nesna\u017eia sa zdravotn\u00edci t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom zisti\u0165, \u010di doty\u010dn\u00fd reaguje na boles\u0165. Tento postup je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou celej skupiny vy\u0161etren\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 lek\u00e1ri podaj\u00fa ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o stave [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23165,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[188],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zaujimavosti"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55328"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55328\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55582,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55328\/revisions\/55582"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23165"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}