{"id":56435,"date":"2020-08-31T13:20:48","date_gmt":"2020-08-31T11:20:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/?p=56435"},"modified":"2025-09-07T13:40:56","modified_gmt":"2025-09-07T11:40:56","slug":"antibioticka-rezistencia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/antibioticka-rezistencia\/","title":{"rendered":"Antibiotick\u00e1 rezistencia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\"><strong>Rok 1928 znamenal prielom na poli medic\u00edny a vedy. Sir Alexandr Fleming, \u0161k\u00f3tsky lek\u00e1r a mikrobiol\u00f3g, objavil penicil\u00edn, ktor\u00fd sa \u010doskoro stal esenci\u00e1lnou zlo\u017ekou be\u017enej lie\u010dby. Choroby, ktor\u00e9 do tej doby znamenali mnohokr\u00e1t rozsudok smrti, zrazu boli pomerne \u013eahko lie\u010dite\u013en\u00e9 a tak \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd liek \u010doskoro nasledovalo mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tok bojuj\u00facich proti bakteri\u00e1lnym infekci\u00e1m. M\u00e1lo ktor\u00e1 sl\u00e1va v\u0161ak trv\u00e1 vecne a ani u antibiot\u00edk to nie je inak. D\u00f4vodom je pr\u00e1ve antibiotick\u00e1 rezistencia.    <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Antibiotick\u00e1 rezistencia je odolnos\u0165 mikroorganizmov vo\u010di p\u00f4sobeniu antibiot\u00edk. Antibiotik\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 e\u0161te pred p\u00e1r rokmi vylie\u010dili kadejak\u00fa infekciu, u\u017e dnes na rovnak\u00fd probl\u00e9m z\u010faleka nemusia sta\u010di\u0165. A tak hroz\u00ed, \u017ee sa do spolo\u010dnosti vr\u00e1tia choroby, ktor\u00e9 v\u010faka antibiotik\u00e1m prestali predstavova\u0165 hrozbu.   <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Ide teda o pomerne novodob\u00fd probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd so svojou z\u00e1va\u017enos\u0165ou m\u00f4\u017ee \u010doskoro sta\u0165 jednou z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch hrozieb, ktor\u00fdm budeme ako \u013eudstvo \u010deli\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Rezistenciu m\u00f4\u017eeme v\u0161eobecne deli\u0165 na dva typy a to prim\u00e1rne a sekund\u00e1rne. Prim\u00e1rna rezistencia je prirodzen\u00e1 a je dan\u00e1 charakteristick\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami danej bakt\u00e9rie. Napr\u00edklad vplyvom enz\u00fdmov, ktor\u00e9 produkuje. Znamen\u00e1 to teda, \u017ee je bakt\u00e9ria odoln\u00e1 aj bez predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho kontaktu s antibiotikom.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Sekund\u00e1rna rezistencia naopak vznik\u00e1 v priebehu lie\u010dby, alebo n\u00e1sledkom predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho u\u017e\u00edvania antibiotika. V pr\u00edtomnosti antibiotika sa selektuj\u00fa rezistentn\u00e9 kmene (slab\u00e9 bakt\u00e9rie zahyn\u00fa, silnej\u0161ie pre\u017eij\u00fa a rozmno\u017eia sa), ktor\u00fdch lie\u010dba je v\u00fdrazne n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ia. Tieto kmene navy\u0161e \u010dasto maj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 odovzda\u0165 svoju vlastnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 im zais\u0165uje rezistenciu, pomocou plazmidov (mal\u00e9 \u00faseky DNA) aj in\u00fdm bakt\u00e9ri\u00e1m.  <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17503\" src=\"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/A29A4B5C-5C89-425F-BFC9-68F34FAF3331.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/A29A4B5C-5C89-425F-BFC9-68F34FAF3331.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/A29A4B5C-5C89-425F-BFC9-68F34FAF3331-300x144.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/A29A4B5C-5C89-425F-BFC9-68F34FAF3331-768x369.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Rezistencia sa potom m\u00f4\u017ee prejavi\u0165 napr. zhor\u0161en\u00fdm vstupom antibiotika do bakteri\u00e1lnej bunky, schopnos\u0165ou bakt\u00e9rie antibiotikum metabolizova\u0165 na ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa l\u00e1tku, alebo napr\u00edklad pumpami v membr\u00e1ne schopn\u00fdmi lie\u010divo z bunky odstr\u00e1ni\u0165. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Ako sa v\u0161ak vzniku antibiotickej rezistencie br\u00e1ni\u0165 a vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa tak situ\u00e1cii, ke\u010f veda prestane st\u00edha\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed a dne\u0161n\u00e9 antibiotik\u00e1 sa stan\u00fa nedosta\u010duj\u00facimi? <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">V prvom rade nenadu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 antibiotik\u00e1 pri lie\u010dbe ban\u00e1lnych, \u010dasto v\u00edrusov\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed. Antibiotick\u00fa lie\u010dbu v\u017edy dobera\u0165 aj po odznen\u00ed pr\u00edznakov. Dba\u0165 na hygienu. Nepou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 opakovane rovnak\u00e9 lie\u010divo u jedn\u00e9ho pacienta. A najm\u00e4 zacieli\u0165 na konkr\u00e9tnu infekciu.     <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">R\u00f4zne bakt\u00e9rie<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> <\/span>toti\u017e odpovedaj\u00fa na rovnak\u00e9 antibiotikum odli\u0161ne a preto je dobr\u00e9 vykon\u00e1va\u0165 mikrobiologick\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie (pozri obr\u00e1zok), pri ktorom sa (sk\u00f4r ne\u017e \u0161irokospektr\u00e1lna) vyberie lie\u010dba cielen\u00e1. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17502\" src=\"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/21324AE1-4DD5-410B-A349-8F730044EFA0.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"673\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/21324AE1-4DD5-410B-A349-8F730044EFA0.jpeg 640w, https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/21324AE1-4DD5-410B-A349-8F730044EFA0-285x300.jpeg 285w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rok 1928 znamenal prielom na poli medic\u00edny a vedy. Sir Alexandr Fleming, \u0161k\u00f3tsky lek\u00e1r a mikrobiol\u00f3g, objavil penicil\u00edn, ktor\u00fd sa \u010doskoro stal esenci\u00e1lnou zlo\u017ekou be\u017enej lie\u010dby. Choroby, ktor\u00e9 do tej doby znamenali mnohokr\u00e1t rozsudok smrti, zrazu boli pomerne \u013eahko lie\u010dite\u013en\u00e9 a tak \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd liek \u010doskoro nasledovalo mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tok bojuj\u00facich proti bakteri\u00e1lnym infekci\u00e1m. M\u00e1lo ktor\u00e1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":22997,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[188],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zaujimavosti"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56435"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56439,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56435\/revisions\/56439"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}