{"id":65363,"date":"2020-09-21T05:54:09","date_gmt":"2020-09-21T03:54:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/?p=65363"},"modified":"2026-02-03T16:56:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T15:56:11","slug":"jak-a-proc-vznika-zubni-kaz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/jak-a-proc-vznika-zubni-kaz\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako a pre\u010do vznik\u00e1 zubn\u00fd kaz?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Od mali\u010dka je n\u00e1m vt\u013akan\u00e9 do hlavy, \u017ee si mus\u00edme starostlivo \u010disti\u0165 z\u00fabky a nejes\u0165 sladkosti, aby sa n\u00e1m zuby nepokazili. \u010co sa ale v na\u0161ich \u00fastach vlastne odohr\u00e1va, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k vzniku zubn\u00e9ho kazu? A s\u00fa hlavn\u00fdm vinn\u00edkom skuto\u010dne \u010dokol\u00e1dy a cukr\u00edky? <\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tko po naroden\u00ed s\u00fa na\u0161e \u00fasta obsaden\u00e9 mikrofl\u00f3rou, a teda bakt\u00e9riami. Najprv \u017eij\u00fa na \u010fasn\u00e1ch a postupne sa pres\u00favaj\u00fa na rast\u00face zuby, kde vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa zubn\u00fd povlak. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 Streptococcus mutans a laktobacily. <\/p>\n

Streptococcus mutans toti\u017e disponuje enz\u00fdmom glukozyltransfer\u00e1zou. V\u010faka tej je schopn\u00fd rozklada\u0165 be\u017ene prij\u00edman\u00fa sachar\u00f3zu (kuchynsk\u00fd cukor) na gluk\u00f3zu a frukt\u00f3zu, pri\u010dom frukt\u00f3zu vyu\u017eije ako zdroj energie a z gluk\u00f3zy vytvor\u00ed vo vode nerozpustn\u00e9 polysacharidy. V\u010faka nim dok\u00e1\u017eu bakt\u00e9rie \u013eah\u0161ie pri\u013en\u00fa\u0165 na inak hladk\u00fd povrch zuba. Doch\u00e1dza tak k jeho koloniz\u00e1cii a vzniku vhodn\u00e9ho prostredia pre \u013eahk\u00fa dif\u00faziu cukrov, produkciu kysel\u00edn a inhib\u00edciu aktivity antimikrobi\u00e1lnych l\u00e1tok \u2013 vznik\u00e1 biofilm, ktor\u00fd naz\u00fdvame zubn\u00fd povlak.<\/p>\n

Pokia\u013e nie je plak dostato\u010dn\u00fdm \u010disten\u00edm odstra\u0148ovan\u00fd, m\u00f4\u017ee vplyvom miner\u00e1lnych l\u00e1tok zo sl\u00edn a zvy\u0161kov potravy mineralizova\u0165. Tak vznik\u00e1 zubn\u00fd kame\u0148, uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00faci pre \u010fasn\u00e1 dr\u00e1\u017ediv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, sp\u00f4sobuj\u00face ich zap\u00e1lenie. To m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 a\u017e k strat\u00e1m zubov. <\/p>\n

Pre\u010do sa v\u0161ak okrem zubn\u00e9ho kame\u0148a vyskytuje aj zubn\u00fd kaz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mnoho z bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed ob\u00fdvaj\u00facich na\u0161e zuby (napr. laktobacily, alebo u\u017e spom\u00ednan\u00fd Streptokok mutans) toti\u017e dok\u00e1\u017eu fermentova\u0165 sachar\u00f3zu za vzniku organick\u00fdch kysel\u00edn, a to najm\u00e4 kyseliny mlie\u010dnej. To vedie k zni\u017eovaniu pH v \u00fastach a pokia\u013e sa dostaneme pod kritick\u00fa hodnotu 5,5, doch\u00e1dza k uvo\u013e\u0148ovaniu v\u00e1pnika a fosf\u00e1tov, a t\u00fdm k demineraliz\u00e1cii zubnej skloviny. T\u00e1 sa sten\u010duje tak dlho, a\u017e d\u00f4jde k prieniku bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed k dentinu (vrstva pod sklovinou), ktor\u00fd u\u017e obsahuje nervov\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna a vznik\u00e1 bolestiv\u00fd zubn\u00fd kaz, ktor\u00fd mus\u00ed by\u0165 o\u0161etren\u00fd zubn\u00fdm lek\u00e1rom. Pokia\u013e potom kaz prenikne a\u017e k zubnej pulpe obsahuj\u00facej cievy a nervy, doch\u00e1dza k rozvoju z\u00e1palu a zub mus\u00ed by\u0165 \u010dasto \u00faplne odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Je teda pravdepodobnej\u0161ie, \u017ee pr\u00ed\u010dinou zubn\u00e9ho kazu je konzum\u00e1cia sladkost\u00ed alebo nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 hygiena?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Obidve! Konzum\u00e1cia sladkost\u00ed s obsahom sachar\u00f3zy, t. j. repn\u00e9ho cukru, nepochybne ur\u00fdch\u013euje vznik zubn\u00e9ho kazu, preto\u017ee s\u00fa priamym zdrojom energie a stavebn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pre pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 bakt\u00e9rie. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 s\u00fa kolov\u00e9 limon\u00e1dy, ktor\u00e9 nielen\u017ee obsahuj\u00fa ve\u013ea cukru, ale s\u00fa aj ve\u013emi kysl\u00e9, \u010do vytv\u00e1ra ide\u00e1lne prostredie pre vznik zubn\u00e9ho kazu. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 s\u00fa kolov\u00e9 limon\u00e1dy, ktor\u00e9 nielen\u017ee obsahuj\u00fa ve\u013ea cukru, ale s\u00fa aj ve\u013emi kysl\u00e9, \u010do vytv\u00e1ra ide\u00e1lne prostredie pre vznik zubn\u00e9ho kazu.<\/p>\n

Zubn\u00fdmi kazmi v\u0161ak trpeli u\u017e na\u0161i d\u00e1vni predkovia z d\u00f4b praveku, a to aj napriek tomu, \u017ee sachar\u00f3zu vtedy nepoznali. Nutn\u00e9 cukry toti\u017e bakt\u00e9rie z\u00edskavaj\u00fa aj vtedy, ke\u010f prij\u00edmame \u0161kroby napr\u00edklad v pe\u010dive, zemiakoch, ry\u017ei alebo obilnin\u00e1ch. Tie s\u00fa u\u017e v \u00fastach roz\u0161tiepen\u00e9 na kr\u00e1tke cukry enz\u00fdmom ptyal\u00ednom, ktor\u00fd je prirodzenou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou na\u0161ich sl\u00edn. A preto mus\u00edte dba\u0165 na zubn\u00fa hygienu, aj ke\u010f si nedoprajete \u017eiadne sladkosti.<\/p>\n

A ako sa chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred zubn\u00fdm kazom?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Okrem obmedzenia sladkost\u00ed ide pr\u00e1ve o spr\u00e1vnu hygienu \u2013 pravideln\u00e9 \u010distenie (teda aspo\u0148 r\u00e1no a ve\u010der) kvalitnou zubnou kefkou (ktor\u00e1 by mala by\u0165 m\u00e4kk\u00e1 s hust\u00fdmi \u0161tetinkami s jednotnou d\u013a\u017ekou), pou\u017e\u00edvanie zubnej nite alebo medzizubnej kefky, aby sme dobre o\u010distili aj medzizubn\u00e9 priestory a \u010falej ich kombin\u00e1cia so zubn\u00fdmi pastami, obsahuj\u00faca. M\u00f4\u017ee remineralizova\u0165 miesta, kde sme stratili vrstvu skloviny v d\u00f4sledku p\u00f4sobenia kysel\u00edn. Tieto pasty v\u0161ak treba vyp\u013e\u00fava\u0165 opatrne, preto\u017ee fluorid m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch d\u00e1vkach toxick\u00fd. Vn eposlednom rade je potrebn\u00e9 pravidelne chodi\u0165 na prevent\u00edvne prehliadky k v\u00e1\u0161mu zubn\u00e9mu lek\u00e1rovi, aby bol pr\u00edpadn\u00fd zubn\u00fd kaz zachyten\u00fd u\u017e v ranom \u0161t\u00e1diu.<\/p>\n

A ako ste na tom so zubn\u00fdmi kazmi vy? \u010cak\u00e1 v\u00e1s v\u0155tanie pri ka\u017edej n\u00e1v\u0161teve zub\u00e1ra, alebo odch\u00e1dzate spochvalou ? A dodr\u017eiavate z\u00e1sady spr\u00e1vnej hygieny?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Od mali\u010dka je n\u00e1m vt\u013akan\u00e9 do hlavy, \u017ee si mus\u00edme starostlivo \u010disti\u0165 z\u00fabky a nejes\u0165 sladkosti, aby sa n\u00e1m zuby nepokazili. \u010co sa ale v na\u0161ich \u00fastach vlastne odohr\u00e1va, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k vzniku zubn\u00e9ho kazu? A s\u00fa hlavn\u00fdm vinn\u00edkom skuto\u010dne \u010dokol\u00e1dy a cukr\u00edky?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":22992,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[188],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zaujimavosti"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65363"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":65369,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65363\/revisions\/65369"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22992"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmedic.cz\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}